有组织犯罪的界定

基于研究角度的不同,国内外关于有组织犯罪的概念众多而不统一。只有从犯罪学和刑法学两个层面界定有组织犯罪,才能准确把握有组织犯罪的特征,得出科学的有组织犯罪概念。犯罪学意义上的有组织犯罪概念是动态的,外延比刑法学意义上的宽泛得多。而刑法学意义上的有组织犯罪概念是静态的,它的界定应参照各国具体情况,立足于刑法规范。     

China's corporate credit reporting system: A comparison with the United States and Germany

Corporate credit reporting (CCR), which aims at increasing trust in corporates, constitutes an intriguing, yet understudied set of regulatory institutions as it is both a regulatory object and subject at the same time. Differences in national CCR systems pose challenges for multinational companies and have increasingly become a subject of international conflicts on regulatory standards. In this context, the case of China deserves special attention since the country pursues both institutional divergence and convergence with international examples. Hence, the characterization of China's regulatory regime remains difficult. By comparing the institutional context of CCR in China to those in the United States and Germany, this paper sheds light on a specific aspect of China's complex regulatory regime. At the same time, it provides insights into the Chinese manifestation of CCR, which are important for the international business community.